18th IATP Meeting, June 24th 2018
The meeting was opened by the Chairman, Prof. Sir William Wakeham, who welcomed all present and thanked Dr Richard Perkins for the excellent arrangements as the local organiser of the meeting.
The meeting was divided into the usual scientific session and business session. The proceedings are recorded here in that order.
2. SCIENTIFIC SESSION
2.1 Invited Presentation: The State of Art of PCM Used in Energy Storage
L. Fedele, D. Cabaleiro, S. Bobbo (Italy).
2.2 Invited Presentation: Soret Effect in Ternary Mixtures and the Reference Frames
V. Shevtsova, A. Mialdun (Belgium).
2.3 Current Research Activities at the Institute of Advanced Optical Technologies – Thermophysical Properties (AOT-TP)
T.M. Koller, C. Giraudet, M.H. Rausch, A.P. Fröba (Germany).
2.4 Residual-Entropy Scaling for Predicting the Viscosity of Mixtures.
M.B. Mohd Taib, J.P.M. Trusler (UK)
2.5 Wide-Ranging Reference Correlations for Dilute Gas Transport Properties Based on Ab Initio Calculations and Viscosity Ratio Measurements
E. May, X. Xiao, D. Rowland, S. Al-Ghafri (Australia).
2.6 Update: Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Ethane
S. Herrmann, R. Hellmann, E. Vogel (Germany).
2.7 Reference Correlations for the Thermal Conductivity of 13 Inorganic Molten Salts
C.D. Chliatzou, M.J. Assael, K.S. Antoniadis (Greece), M.L. Huber (USA), and W.A. Wakeham (UK).
2.8 Potential Applications of Nanofluids for Heat Transfer
M.J. Assael, G.J. Tertsinidou, C.M. Tsolakidou, T.I. Vargiemezis, K.D. Antoniadis (Greece), and W.A. Wakeham (UK)
2.9 Novel Automated Torsional Crystal Viscometer for Liquids at High Pressures
C. Junker, K. Meier (Germany), A. Laesecke (USA)
2.10 Combined Measurement of Viscosity and Density over wide Temperature and Pressure Ranges
K. Humberg, M. Richter (Germany), R. Span (Germany), J.P.M. Trusler (UK)
Each presentation engendered discussion and a few points of special interest are noted here:
a) Invited Presentation:
In the first invited lecture on the state-of-art of PCM used in energy storage, L. Fedele discussed their thermal, physical, kinetic, chemical properties as well as economical requirements. PCM’s can be inorganic, organic or eutectics, while inorganic PCMs are more corrosive than organic. Usually they are employed a) in encapsulated form, which is characterised by high heat transfer area, and reduces reactivity with environment - micro encapsulation (MEPCMs) can also be interesting, b) or as form-stable PCMs - as encapsulation is very expensive, they are then dispersed in a matrix such as a polymer.
Applications among others include: in buildings (control heating & cooling dispersed in wallboards, concrete, roof, greenhouses, etc.), in electronics, in smart textiles (microcapsules in fibres), in space, in solar energy (solar panels with paraffin and water), in medical bandages for burn wounds, in bone cement etc.), in HVAC applications...
Properties mostly required are, heat of melting, melting point, heat capacity, thermal conductivity and viscosity. Main problem is the low thermal conductivity of both liquid and solid phases. Recent solution is the dispersion of nanoparticles in PCMs to enhance thermal conductivity.
There is a lack of international technical standards for testing PCMs. A common project in characterising PCMs with proper methods should be considered, with special interest on the thermal conductivity of paraffin PCMs, in liquid and solid phases.
Ιn the second invited lecture, V.Shevtsova discussed the Soret effect in ternary mixtures with respect to their reference frames. Three system of reference frame exist (mass-fixed, molar-fixed and volume-fixed). Because the diffusion coefficient cannot be measured directly without a reference frame, conversion from one system to the other can produce errors and is not always possible.
Soret effect (thermal diffusion) is related to the relative mass flow resulting from a temperature gradient in fluid mixtures, which drives different components to hot and cold areas. In ternary mixture 6 diffusion coefficients are encountered, 4 mass diffusion and 2 thermal diffusion. The problem is that diffusion results expressed in the volume- and mass-fixed frames usually agree, but results expressed in the molar-fixed frame are a little bit different.. So, diffusion must always be defined in relation to the reference frame it refers.
b) Instruments:.
C. Junker described the latest innovations in the sensor’s design of their novel automated torsional-crystal viscometer. The mechanical deformation of the crystal was analysed successfully by two methods resulting in an improvement of the uncertainty of the results.
K. Humberg presented a rotating-body instrument for the simultaneous density and viscosity measurement. Methane viscosity measurements showed an uncertainty of 0.4%.
c) Current research activities:
A.P. Fröba presented the current research activities at the Institute of Advanced Optical Technologies. Techniques employed among others, were
- Characterization of molecular diffusion in liquids containing dissolved gases (Dynamic Light Scattering from bulk fluids). Mutual and Self-diffusivities of binary mixtures of n-alkanes containing dissolve gases at infinite dilution (simultaneous Rayleigh and Raman Scattering).
- Characterization of Molecular Diffusion in Binary Gas Mixtures by experimental and Theoretical Models (Loschmidt Cell combined with Holographic Interferometry)
- Particle diffusion coefficient by Dynamic Light Scattering from bulk fluids diffusion of nanoparticles in porous materials
- Surface Light Scattering technique for interfacial tension, viscosity, thermal diffusivity, mutual diffusivity
d) Theoretical:
J.P.M. Trusler presented the advantages in applying the residual-entropy scaling approach for predicting the viscosity of mixtures. Results in mixture prediction seem quite promising, although they are still similar in predictive power to the simple hard sphere Dymond-Assael model for dissimilar molecules
e) Reference values:
E. May presented the best ab initio dilute gas reference calculations for the viscosity, thermal conductivity and diffusion coefficient of simple gases. Based on these he presented a ratio-technique based model to produce lower uncertainty than the absolute values. He showed results for eleven gases including noble gases.
S. Hermann discussed the need for an update of the reference correlation for the viscosity of ethane, since R. Hellmann calculated new ab initio zero-density viscosity values. A new reference equation was consequently proposed that fits much better the zero density.
M.J. Assael proposed new reference correlations for the thermal conductivity of 13 inorganic molten salts, based on a critical evaluation of all experimental data found. The need for these correlations was also discussed.
f) Other:
W.A. Wakeham discussed potential applications of nanofluids for heat transfer. Ηe illustrated specific cases that showed an improved performance was possible although there was no general benefit.
3. BUSINESS SESSION
3.1. PROJECTS CONCLUDED
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3.2. PROJECTS CONTINUED
The following projects were discussed and it was agreed to continue them:
1. Reference correlations for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of fluids over extended temperature and pressure ranges.
M.J. Assael (Greece), M.L. Huber, R.A. Perkins (USA), J.M.N.A Fareleira (Portugal).
Project continues. M.J. Assael reminded everyone that there is a section under IATP site (https://ltpep.com/-> IATP) where the reference correlations for transport properties published by IATP members are listed.
2. Reference correlations for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of D2O over extended temperature and pressure ranges
S.K.Mylona, M.J. Assael (Greece), M.L. Huber, R.A. Perkins, J.V. Sengers (USA), R. Hellmann (Germany)
Project continues. An Equation of State has been published.
3. High-temperature high-pressure viscosity standards
J.M.N.A. Fareleira, F. Caetano (Portugal), W. A. Wakeham, J.P.M. Trusler (UK), A.P. Froba, A. Leipertz, B. Rathke (Germany), K. Harris (Australia), A. Laesecke (USA), J. Fernandez (Spain), K. Schmidt (Canada), Chr. Boned (France)
A report was prepared by J. Fernandez, and submitted to IUPAC and would be published in JPAC. The project continues for one more year and K. Schmidt will investigate possibilities for further funding
4. Diffusion nomenclature in the IUPAC Definitions of Symbols & Unitts
V. Shevtsova (Belgium), M. Banish (USA) (leader), W.A. Wakeham (UK), C.A. Nieto de Castro (Portugal), K. Harris (Australia).
IUPAC had agreed to contemplate continuing this project if a new team could be found to complete it. Volunteers were sought and a team assembled as above. W.A. Wkaham would negotiate with IUPAC
5. Reference correlations for thermal conductivity of molten salts
Ch. Chliatzou, K.D. Antoniadis, M.J. Assael (Greece), W.A. Wakeham (U.K.), M.L. Huber (U.S.A.)
Paper to be submitted. Continues for one more year
6. “Commonly Asked Questions in Thermodynamics”
M.J. Assael (Greece), W.A. Wakeham, G. Maitland (UK), S. Will (Germany).
Project continues
7. Problems associated with the low-density application of the THW technique
S. Mylona, E. May (Australia), R. Perkins (USA), M.J Assael (Greece), W.A. Wakeham (UK).
Project continues.
8. Properties of n-alkanes (higher than n-dodecane)
J.M.N.A Fareleira, F.J.P. Caetano (Portugal), M.J. Assael (Greece), M.L. Huber (USA), E. May (Australia). A. Fröba, K. Meier, S.E. Quiñones-Cisneros (Germany), J. Fernandez (Spain).
Project continues
3.3. NEW COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS
9. Thermal conductivity and enthalpy of fusion of n-alkanes as practical PCM
J.M.L. Fedele (Leader), S. Bobbo (Italy), M.J. Assael (Greece), W.A. Wakeham (U.K.),
R. Perkins (USA), A. Fröba, Th. Kohler (Germany), J.M.N.A. Fareleira (Portugal)
Project initiated
3.4. INVITED LECTURES
Suggestions were sought from members (by email to the Secretary) of topics that might be covered in future invited lectures. The intent would be to expose issues to the group where they may be able to formulate a useful project
3.5. PROCEDURE FOR IATP ENDORSEMENT
Members were reminded that if they wish to have the endorsement of IATP for their work they should submit it to the Secretary in the first instance to arrange a rapid review. Referees agreed to participate in the review process in addition to the Executive Member are A. Fröba, J.P.M. Trusler, M.L. Huber, and E.F. May.
4. MEMBERSHIP
Prof. M.J. Assael reminded everyone that all information about IATP activities, as well as the current list of members, can always be found at
https://ltpep.com/ -> I.A.T.P.
It was also decided that members who had not attended for some time, and where there was evidence that they would not have a continuing connection, would be removed form the list.
The following new member was approved:
- Professor Valentina Shevtsova
- Dr Xianyang Meng
- Dr Thomas Manfred Koller
- Dr Cedric Giraudet
5. FUTURE MEETINGS
5.1. 19th ITP Meeting, 2019
The 19th IATP Meeting will take place on Saturday August 31st in Erlangen, Germany, just prior to the Diffusion Fundamentals VIII Conference which takes place also in Erlangen between September 1 and 5 (https://df8.diffusion-fundamentals.org). A. Froba will be the local organiser.
5.2. 20th IATP Meeting, 2020
The The 20th IATP Meeting will take place in Venice, Italy, on Sunday September 13th, 2020, just prior to the 22nd ECTP (September 14-17, 2020). Details will be announced in due course. Prof. Alberto Muscio will be asked to be, or appoint, a local host.
6. LIST OF ATTENDEES
List of people that attended the meeting:
1) Prof. Sir William A. Wakeham (Chairman)
2) Prof. M.J. Assael (Secretary)
3) Professor Shengshan Bi
4) Dr Sergio Bobbo
5) Dr E. Chidi Efika
6) Dr Laura Fedele
7) Dr Tara Fortin
8) Dr Daniel Friend
9) Professor Andreas Paul Fröba
10) Miss Kehui Gao
11) Dr Cedric Giraudet
12) Mr Ahmed El Hawary
13) Dr Sebastian Herrmann
14) Mr Ubaya Higgoda
15) Dr Marcia A. Huber
16) Dr Thomas Hughes
17) Mr Kai Humberg
18) Mr Clemens Junker
19) Mr Tobias Klein
20) Mr Matthias Knoll
21) Dr Thomas Manfred Koller
22) Professor Hans-Joachim Kretzschmar
23) Dr Arno Laesecke
24) Professor Alfred Leipertz
25) Professor Eric May
26) Prof. Karsten Meier
27) Dr Xianyang Meng
28) Miss Stella Monogenidou
29) Dr Sofia Mylona
30) Dr Rich A. Perkins
31) Mr Maximilian Piszkο
32) Dr Stefan Pollak
33) Professor Sergio E. Quiρones-Cisneros
34) Dr Bernd Rathke
35) Dr Michael H. Rausch
36) Professor Markus Richter
37) Mr Stefano Rossi
38) Professor Jan V. Sengers
39) Dr Kurt Schmidt
40) Professor Valentina Shevtsova
41) Dr Paul Stanwix
42) Dr Geraldine A. Torin Ollarves
43) Professor J.P.Martin Trusler
44) Professor Jiangtao Wu
45) Mr Wenchang Wu
46) Mr Tao Yang
