One of the ways of prevention of pollution in the liquid waste is the installation of modern dyeing machines with small liquor ratio (proportion of weight of the fabric, that is going to be dyed, to the used water). In this way not only the used water is reduced, but also the quantity of the produced waste is reduced. Another effective practice of water consumption reduction is using automatic systems for feeding the water, the dyes and the chemicals and using the "drain and fill rinsing" technique. In addition, the use of counterflow rinsing systems reduces the consumed water up to 75%.

The possibility of reducing the stages of the production process in a dyeing and finishing industry should is examined eg the combination of processes, the possibility of replacing the water used as a solvent with foam, etc. Moreover, the choice of fabrics that come from machines that uses biodegradable water dissolved oils instead of the usually used mineral oils and the use of colours with high absorbency (fixation rate), decrease the pollution of the liquid waste.

Furthermore, an important and effective way of reducing liquid waste is the recycling the refrigeration water and the wastewater. This practice is followed by the recovery of the thermal content of the water. In addition, the use of the dye-baths for dyeing fabrics of the same colour has been applied successfully for the reduction of the polluting load and the volume of the liquid waste. The reduction of the polluting load can be also achieved by cancelling the use of toxic and dangerous colours, such as chromium colours, benzidine, naphthol and azodyes, that are reduced in amines that cause cancer, by replacing the chlorium compounds at the bleaching process with hydrogen peroxide, as well as by minimising or replacing the dangerous auxiliary materials.











DYEING & FINISHING
INDUSTRY



INTRO

- Raw materials
- Production process
- Waste



GOOD PRACTICES
OF WASTE MINIMISATION


- Liquid pollution prevention
- Gases emissions reduction
- Solid waste reduction
- Streams' pollution prevention
- Energy saving practices